A bunion is a bone deformity that occurs when the big toe (hallux) and first metatarsal bone which is the long bone behind the big toe becomes displaced. This exposes the head of the first metatarsal bone medially causing a bony prominence.
The movement of the big toe toward the other toes is known as Hallux Valgus. In some cases, the big toe moves toward the second toe and rotates or twists, which is known as Hallux Abducto Valgus. Bunions can also lead to other toe deformities, such as hammertoes. It is estimated that bunions occur in 33 percent of the population in Western countries.
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Sesamoiditis is inflammation of the two sesamoid bones located at the base of the big toe joint. The knee cap is an example of a sesamoid bone. These two small lima bean shape bones are subject to a lot of stress as they bare the weight of the body with every step. The pain and swelling from this condition is usually focused under the big toe. This condition is commonly seen among dancers, runners and baseball catchers.
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Turf toe, results from hyperextension of the big toe joint as the heel is raised off the ground. An external force is placed on the big toe, and the soft tissue structures that support the big toe on the top are torn or ruptured.
These injuries most often occur among American football and soccer players on artificial grass. Artificial surfaces tend to be harder and less shock absorbent. In addition, the athletic shoes designed for artificial surfaces are softer and more flexible, providing the athlete with more agility, but much less stability in the forefoot.
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Hallux Limitus is a condition that results in stiffness of the big toe joint. It is normally caused by an abnormal alignment of the long bone behind the big toe joint, called the first metatarsal bone. Left untreated, this condition can lead to progressive joint arthritis.
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An unmovable big toe, is known as Hallux Rigidus, it is the most common form of arthritis in your foot. Hallux Rigidus occurs as a result of overuse injuries, which wears down the articular cartilage of the big toe joint. The abscene of articular cartilage prevents the joint from moving, causing pain as raw bone ends rub together.
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